Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: the WASH benefits study design and rationale
This article was published in the BMJ Open [© 2013 BMJ Open] and The Journal's website is at: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/8/e003476
| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Altri autori: | |
| Natura: | Articolo |
| Lingua: | English |
| Pubblicazione: |
© 2013 BMJ Open
2017
|
| Soggetti: | |
| Accesso online: | http://hdl.handle.net/10361/7651 http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003476 |
| id |
10361-7651 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
10361-76512017-01-24T06:42:50Z Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: the WASH benefits study design and rationale F. Arnold, Benjamin Null, Clair P. Luby, Stephen Unicomb, Leanne Ahmed, Tahmeed Ashraf, Sania Christensen, Garret Clasen, Thomas Dentz, Holly N. Fernald, Lia C H Haque, Rashidul Hubbard, Alan E. Kariger, Patricia Leontsini, Elli Lin, Audrie Njenga, Sammy M. Pickering, Amy J. Ram, Pavani K. Stewart, Christine P. Dewey, Kathryn G. Tofail, Fahmida Winch, Peter J Jr, John M Colford James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University WASH benefits Water quality Bangladesh Kenya Clinical study Sanitation Handwashing Nutrition This article was published in the BMJ Open [© 2013 BMJ Open] and The Journal's website is at: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/8/e003476 Introduction: Enteric infections are common during the first years of life in low-income countries and contribute to growth faltering with long-term impairment of health and development. Water quality, sanitation, handwashing and nutritional interventions can independently reduce enteric infections and growth faltering. There is little evidence that directly compares the effects of these individual and combined interventions on diarrhoea and growth when delivered to infants and young children. The objective of the WASH Benefits study is to help fill this knowledge gap. Methods and analysis: WASH Benefits includes two cluster-randomised trials to assess improvements in water quality, sanitation, handwashing and child nutrition-alone and in combination-to rural households with pregnant women in Kenya and Bangladesh. Geographically matched clusters (groups of household compounds in Bangladesh and villages in Kenya) will be randomised to one of six intervention arms or control. Intervention arms include water quality, sanitation, handwashing, nutrition, combined water+sanitation+handwashing (WSH) and WSH +nutrition. The studies will enrol newborn children (N=5760 in Bangladesh and N=8000 in Kenya) and measure outcomes at 12 and 24 months after intervention delivery. Primary outcomes include child length-for-age Z-scores and caregiver-reported diarrhoea. Secondary outcomes include stunting prevalence, markers of environmental enteropathy and child development scores (verbal, motor and personal/social). We will estimate unadjusted and adjusted intention-to-treat effects using semiparametric estimators and permutation tests. Ethics and dissemination: Study protocols have been reviewed and approved by human subjects review boards at the University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University, the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh, the Kenya Medical Research Institute, and Innovations for Poverty Action. Independent data safety monitoring boards in each country oversee the trials. This study is funded by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the University of California, Berkeley. Published 2017-01-24T06:39:48Z 2017-01-24T06:39:48Z 2013 Article Arnold, B. F., Null, C., Luby, S. P., Unicomb, L., Stewart, C. P., Dewey, K. G., . . . Colford Jr., J. M. (2013). Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural bangladesh and kenya: The WASH benefits study design and rationale. BMJ Open, 3(8) doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003476 20446055 http://hdl.handle.net/10361/7651 http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003476 en http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/8/e003476 © 2013 BMJ Open |
| institution |
Brac University |
| collection |
Institutional Repository |
| language |
English |
| topic |
WASH benefits Water quality Bangladesh Kenya Clinical study Sanitation Handwashing Nutrition |
| spellingShingle |
WASH benefits Water quality Bangladesh Kenya Clinical study Sanitation Handwashing Nutrition F. Arnold, Benjamin Null, Clair P. Luby, Stephen Unicomb, Leanne Ahmed, Tahmeed Ashraf, Sania Christensen, Garret Clasen, Thomas Dentz, Holly N. Fernald, Lia C H Haque, Rashidul Hubbard, Alan E. Kariger, Patricia Leontsini, Elli Lin, Audrie Njenga, Sammy M. Pickering, Amy J. Ram, Pavani K. Stewart, Christine P. Dewey, Kathryn G. Tofail, Fahmida Winch, Peter J Jr, John M Colford Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: the WASH benefits study design and rationale |
| description |
This article was published in the BMJ Open [© 2013 BMJ Open] and The Journal's website is at: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/3/8/e003476 |
| author2 |
James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University |
| author_facet |
James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University F. Arnold, Benjamin Null, Clair P. Luby, Stephen Unicomb, Leanne Ahmed, Tahmeed Ashraf, Sania Christensen, Garret Clasen, Thomas Dentz, Holly N. Fernald, Lia C H Haque, Rashidul Hubbard, Alan E. Kariger, Patricia Leontsini, Elli Lin, Audrie Njenga, Sammy M. Pickering, Amy J. Ram, Pavani K. Stewart, Christine P. Dewey, Kathryn G. Tofail, Fahmida Winch, Peter J Jr, John M Colford |
| format |
Article |
| author |
F. Arnold, Benjamin Null, Clair P. Luby, Stephen Unicomb, Leanne Ahmed, Tahmeed Ashraf, Sania Christensen, Garret Clasen, Thomas Dentz, Holly N. Fernald, Lia C H Haque, Rashidul Hubbard, Alan E. Kariger, Patricia Leontsini, Elli Lin, Audrie Njenga, Sammy M. Pickering, Amy J. Ram, Pavani K. Stewart, Christine P. Dewey, Kathryn G. Tofail, Fahmida Winch, Peter J Jr, John M Colford |
| author_sort |
F. Arnold, Benjamin |
| title |
Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: the WASH benefits study design and rationale |
| title_short |
Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: the WASH benefits study design and rationale |
| title_full |
Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: the WASH benefits study design and rationale |
| title_fullStr |
Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: the WASH benefits study design and rationale |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: the WASH benefits study design and rationale |
| title_sort |
cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural bangladesh and kenya: the wash benefits study design and rationale |
| publisher |
© 2013 BMJ Open |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10361/7651 http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003476 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT farnoldbenjamin clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT nullclair clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT plubystephen clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT unicombleanne clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT ahmedtahmeed clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT ashrafsania clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT christensengarret clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT clasenthomas clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT dentzhollyn clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT fernaldliach clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT haquerashidul clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT hubbardalane clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT karigerpatricia clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT leontsinielli clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT linaudrie clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT njengasammym clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT pickeringamyj clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT rampavanik clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT stewartchristinep clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT deweykathryng clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT tofailfahmida clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT winchpeterj clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale AT jrjohnmcolford clusterrandomisedcontrolledtrialsofindividualandcombinedwatersanitationhygieneandnutritionalinterventionsinruralbangladeshandkenyathewashbenefitsstudydesignandrationale |
| _version_ |
1814308734078287872 |