Geogenic arsenic and Microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh

This article was published in the Frontiers in Environmental Science [© 2019 Saha, Dey, Rahman, Bhattacharya and Rabbani. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).] and the definite version is available at: https://doi.org/10.3389...

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Principais autores:	Saha, Ratnajit, Dey, Nepal C., Rahman, Mahfuzar, Bhattacharya, Prosun, Rabbani, Golam H.
Outros Autores:	Brac James P. Grant School of Public Health
Formato:	Journal Article
Idioma:	en_US
Publicado em:	Frontiers 2022
Assuntos:	Water Quality Most usable water sources Dependent households Water quality index Population exposed
Acesso em linha:	http://hdl.handle.net/10361/16475 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00057

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spelling	10361-164752022-03-22T07:55:46Z Geogenic arsenic and Microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh Saha, Ratnajit Dey, Nepal C. Rahman, Mahfuzar Bhattacharya, Prosun Rabbani, Golam H. Brac James P. Grant School of Public Health Water Quality Most usable water sources Dependent households Water quality index Population exposed This article was published in the Frontiers in Environmental Science [© 2019 Saha, Dey, Rahman, Bhattacharya and Rabbani. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).] and the definite version is available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00057 The Journal's website is at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00057/full#h1 The study aimed to investigate the most usable drinking water sources quality and the dependent population's exposure to potentially contaminated water. The specific area chosen for the study was the coastal area in Satkhira district's Tala Upazila. Six hundred and fourty nine most usable drinking water sources were selected, that included Deep Tubewell (DTW), Shallow Tubewell (STW) and Pond Sand Filter (PSF) for drinking water sampling. Following standard sampling procedures, in-situ measurements were taken for seven important water quality parameters: Arsenic-As, Iron-Fe, Electrical Conductivity-EC, Temperature-Temp, Total Coliform- TC, E-coli, and Fecal Coliform-FC. In addition, semi-structured questionnaire surveys were conducted at corresponding dependent households (HH). Weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) was used to calculate the suitability of the derived water for drinking purposes. In the tested water sources, As, Fe and EC range were found 0–500 μg/L, 0–18 mg/L, and 165–8,715 μS/cm, respectively. Of all the tested water sources, 74% exceeded the permissible limit for As, 83% for Fe and 99% for EC, according to WHO standards. Comparatively higher percentages of Point of Uses (PoU) were found to be more contaminated than Point of Sources (PoS), such as TC found in 38% PoS and 54% of corresponding PoU, E. coli found in 24% PoS and 35% of PoU and FC found in 45% PoS and 55% of PoU. WQI suggested that the majority (72%) of most usable drinking water sources were found to be unsuitable for drinking. Thus, 40% of the population (0.12 million) in the study area were directly consuming contaminated water. Dependent household members most frequently suffered from fever, diarrhea and high blood pressure, resulting in the average household spending USD 3–13 per month/HH for health-related expenditures, which is higher than national average. To acquire safe drinking water, the majority (58%) of the dependent HH expressed willingness to pay USD 1 per month/ HH which is costly for them. The situation can be improved by installing a deep tube well for safe drinking water, periodically testing the water quality, educating the public for better hygiene practices, and providing entrepreneurial incentives to help deliver safe water to the public at lower cost. Published 2022-03-21T06:26:50Z 2022-03-21T06:26:50Z 2019 2019-05-08 Journal Article Saha, R., Dey, N. C., Rahman, M., Bhattacharya, P., & Rabbani, G. H. (2019). Geogenic arsenic and microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 7(May) doi:10.3389/fenvs.2019.00057 http://hdl.handle.net/10361/16475 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00057 en_US https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00057/full Frontiers in Environmental Science application/pdf Frontiers
institution	Brac University
collection	Institutional Repository
language	en_US
topic	Water Quality Most usable water sources Dependent households Water quality index Population exposed
spellingShingle	Water Quality Most usable water sources Dependent households Water quality index Population exposed Saha, Ratnajit Dey, Nepal C. Rahman, Mahfuzar Bhattacharya, Prosun Rabbani, Golam H. Geogenic arsenic and Microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh
description	This article was published in the Frontiers in Environmental Science [© 2019 Saha, Dey, Rahman, Bhattacharya and Rabbani. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).] and the definite version is available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00057 The Journal's website is at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00057/full#h1
author2	Brac James P. Grant School of Public Health
author_facet	Brac James P. Grant School of Public Health Saha, Ratnajit Dey, Nepal C. Rahman, Mahfuzar Bhattacharya, Prosun Rabbani, Golam H.
format	Journal Article
author	Saha, Ratnajit Dey, Nepal C. Rahman, Mahfuzar Bhattacharya, Prosun Rabbani, Golam H.
author_sort	Saha, Ratnajit
title	Geogenic arsenic and Microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh
title_short	Geogenic arsenic and Microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh
title_full	Geogenic arsenic and Microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh
title_fullStr	Geogenic arsenic and Microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed	Geogenic arsenic and Microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh
title_sort	geogenic arsenic and microbial contamination in drinking water sources: exposure risks to the coastal population in bangladesh
publisher	Frontiers
publishDate	2022
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10361/16475 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00057
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Geogenic arsenic and Microbial contamination in drinking water sources: Exposure risks to the coastal population in Bangladesh

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