Prevalence and Risk factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis during pregnancy: A review
This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology 2021.
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Brac University
2021
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10361-149952021-09-13T21:01:19Z Prevalence and Risk factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis during pregnancy: A review Disha, Tasfia Latif Haque, Fahim Kabir Monjurul Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brac University Vulvovaginal candidiasis VVC Candida vaginitis Pregnancy Prevalence Risk factors This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology 2021. Catalogued from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 44-51). Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection of the vagina caused by yeast, especially Candida spp. Although VVC is common among reproductive-age women, prevalence studies notice its uprise to 30% during pregnancy, especially in the last trimester. Recent studies have considered it a severe problem due to the emerging evidence showing the association of VVC with a higher risk of pregnancy-related complications (e.g., premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, chorioamnionitis, and congenital cutaneous candidiasis). In this review, we have reassessed and summarized the prevalence of VVC in pregnant women and analyzed the association of several factors to the increased risk of VVC during pregnancy in different regions of the world. Data collected from various studies showed the highest prevalence of VVC during pregnancy, mostly in Asian and African countries (90.38%, 62.2%, 61.5% in Kenya, Nigeria, and Yemen, respectively). The prevalence rate of VVC during pregnancy was also found out to differ with age, gestation period, parity, educational status, and socioeconomic level. In the majority of the cases, women in their 3rd trimester showed the highest prevalence of VVC, and the rate of Candida colonization was also higher in pregnant women with no primary education. Multi-gravidae mothers and women with multipara of parity were found to show the highest prevalence of VVC in most cases. Candida albicans was identified as the responsible organism for VVC in most studies, yet a remarkable increase in the incidence rate of non-albicans Candida spp. particularly Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis as the causative agent of VVC during pregnancy had been noticed in other studies. Some pregnancy-related factors (e.g., weakened immunity; elevated level of sex hormones, glycogen deposition; low vaginal pH; decreased cellmediated immunity) and several clinical and behavioral factors were suggested as potential risk factors of candidiasis during pregnancy. In our analysis, we couldn’t find any difference in 6 prevalence between symptomatic and asymptomatic VVC cases. While some literature found a higher expression of symptomatic VVC among pregnant women, others found out asymptomatic VVC at greater rates. Furthermore, in our analysis, no definitive association could be established between the prevalence of VVC and factors such as Diabetes mellitus, HIV infection, previous candidiasis, use of antibiotics, oral contraceptives, and intrauterine device despite of the fact that some authors found an association between them. Tasfia Latif Disha B. Biotechnology 2021-09-13T05:31:21Z 2021-09-13T05:31:21Z 2021 2021-04 Thesis ID: 16136004 http://hdl.handle.net/10361/14995 en_US Brac University theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. 51 Pages application/pdf Brac University |
| institution |
Brac University |
| collection |
Institutional Repository |
| language |
en_US |
| topic |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis VVC Candida vaginitis Pregnancy Prevalence Risk factors |
| spellingShingle |
Vulvovaginal candidiasis VVC Candida vaginitis Pregnancy Prevalence Risk factors Disha, Tasfia Latif Prevalence and Risk factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis during pregnancy: A review |
| description |
This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology 2021. |
| author2 |
Haque, Fahim Kabir Monjurul |
| author_facet |
Haque, Fahim Kabir Monjurul Disha, Tasfia Latif |
| format |
Thesis |
| author |
Disha, Tasfia Latif |
| author_sort |
Disha, Tasfia Latif |
| title |
Prevalence and Risk factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis during pregnancy: A review |
| title_short |
Prevalence and Risk factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis during pregnancy: A review |
| title_full |
Prevalence and Risk factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis during pregnancy: A review |
| title_fullStr |
Prevalence and Risk factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis during pregnancy: A review |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence and Risk factors of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis during pregnancy: A review |
| title_sort |
prevalence and risk factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis during pregnancy: a review |
| publisher |
Brac University |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10361/14995 |
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AT dishatasfialatif prevalenceandriskfactorsofvulvovaginalcandidiasisduringpregnancyareview |
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1814308617972613120 |