GIS and public health / Ellen K. Cromley, Sara L. McLafferty.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 301-328) and index.

Machine generated contents note: CHAPTER I GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS -- Definitions of GIS 15 -- GIS Functions 18 -- Trends in GIS Applications 33 -- Public Health Applications of GIS 35 -- Conclusion 37 --CHAPTER 2 SPATIAL DATA -- Field and Object Data 39 -- Raster and Vector Data Structures 41 -- Measuring Location 45 -- Scale, Projection, and Symbols of Cartographic Data Sources 47 -- Geographic Data Quality 56 -- Spatial Databases in a Basic GIS Configuration for Public Health 62 -- Conclusion 66 -- CHAPTER 3 SPATIAL DATABASES -- FOR PUBLIC HEALTH -- Foundation Spatial Data 67 -- Health Data 77 -- Health Services Data 84 -- Making Health Data Mappable 85 -- Database Integration 91 -- Data Sharing 94 -- Conclusion 97 --CHAPTER 4 MAPPING HEALTH INFORMATION -- The Mapping Process 98 -- Representing Health Information 100 -- Viewing Health Information 113 -- GIS and Map Publication 124 -- Conclusion 128 --CHAPTER 5 ANALYZING SPATIAL CLUSTERING -- OF HEALTH EVENTS -- Analyzing Clustering Using Area Data 133 -- Methods for Analyzing Point Data 142 -- Uses of Spatial Clustering Methods 153 -- Challenges 155 -- Conclusion 157 --CHAPTER 6 ANALYZING ENVIRONMENTAL -- HAZARDS -- How Environmental Agents Are Identified as Hazards 160 -- GIS Analysis of Source Locations -- of Environmental Hazards 162 -- Modeling Fate and Transport and Environmental Quality -- in a GIS 169 -- GIS and Exposure Modeling 174 -- GIS and Outcome Surveillance 182 -- GIS and Environmental Risk Management 185 -- Issues in Environmental Hazard Mapping 186 -- Conclusion 187 -- CHAPTER 7 ANALYZING THE RISK AND SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES -- Spatial Diffusion 190 -- Mapping Case Distributions 193 -- Mapping Variability in Disease Agents 198 -- Analyzing Temporal and Geographic Trends -- in Disease Outbreaks 199 -- Privacy and Confidentiality 207 -- Conclusion 209 --CHAPTER 8 EXPLORING THE ECOLOGY -- OF VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE -- Case Definition for Vector-Borne Disease 211 -- Temporal and Spatial Integration of Surveillance Data 212 -- Identifying Areas of High and Low Incidence 214 -- Evaluating the Environmental Characteristics of Case Locations 219 -- Analyzing the Geographical Distributions of Vector and Host -- Populations 222 -- Global Change Affecting Vector Distribution 226 -- Environmental Impacts of Controlling Vector-Borne Disease 230 -- Conclusion 232 --CHAPTER 9 ANALYZING ACCESS -- TO HEALTH SERVICES -- Access 234 -- Mapping Service Locations 237 -- Mapping Health Needs and Services 238 -- Assessing Potential Access to Health Services 240 -- Potential Accessibility Measures 243 -- Analyzing Service Utilization 249 -- Conclusion 258 --CHAPTER 10 LOCATING HEALTH SERVICES -- Health Care Shortage Areas 260 -- Components and Dimensions of Health Service Delivery Systems 261 -- Client Population Distribution 264 -- The Meaning of "Centrality" in Models of Health Service Facility -- Location 265 -- Normative Models of Facility Location and Service Delivery 267 -- Incorporating Normative Models of Facility Location and Service -- Delivery into GIS 279 -- Spatial Decision Support Systems 285 -- Conclusion 286 -- CHAPTER 11 GIS AND COMMUNITY HEALTH -- Institutional Contexts and Public Participation GIS 289 -- GIS Access and Education for Community Groups 291 -- Community-Based Public Health GIS 294 -- Constraints on PPGIS 297 -- Conclusion 298.